Esporotricose: aspectos clínicos e terapêuticos, correlação com retroviroses e susceptibilidade a compostos químicos

Abstract

Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis, which produces animals and man, being caused by fungi of the complex Sporothrix schenckii. The drug of choice for the treatment of sporotrichosis in felines and itraconazole. However, the fungal resistance of sporothrix schenckii complex and therapeutic failures has been reported. In contrast, extracts from lamiaceae family demonstrate anti-sporothrix activity. Thus, the objectives of the study were to clinically evaluate patients with sporotrichosis, to evaluate the presence of retroviruses and the evolution of patients with sporotrichosis in relation to the treatment, to analyze possible resistance factors to established tratments or to relapse of clinical conditions, as as well as to verify the in vitro activity of phenolic, terpene and flavonoid compounds in isolates of Sporothrix brasiliensis. Epidemiological data on sporotrichosis are not fully known in the study region, and therapeutic choices for feline treatment vary widely among professionals in the area, wich may be contributing to the fungal resistance and disease perpetuation in the region. Feline carriers of ringworm can present widespread conditions even after treatment with antifungal agents. Felines with sporotrichosis may present retrovirus co-infection, especially FeLV, wich was the most frequent retrovirus. The compounds isolated from coffee, gamma-terpinene, p-coumaric acid, 1,8-cineole and quercetin, constituents of plants of the family Lamiaceae were tested on 15 isolates of S. brasiliensis feline participation; S. brasiliensis isolated from canine and 2 standard strains (S. brasiliensis and Sporothrix sp.), totalizing n = 18 samples. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranged from 0.3125 to 0.605 μg mL-1 and the minimum fungicidal concentration (CFM) ranged from 0.3025 to 1.25 μg mL-1 for coffee extract, demonstrating activity in 100% of samples tested. Gamma-terpinene also demonstrated antifungal activity with MIC and CFM ranging from 0.7575 to> 5 μg mL-1. The p-coumaric presented MICs of 0.3788 to> 5 mL-1, and CFM of 2.5 to> 5 mL-1 and finally, and eucalyptol presented MIC ranging from 0.7575 to> 10 μg mL-1 and CFM> 10 μg mL- the compound with lower or absence of antifungal activity among the tested compounds. Regarding the quercetin compound, it was not possible to interpret antifungal response in the method used. MIC of itraconazole in the isolates tested ranged from 0.5 to above 16 μg / ml. The results suggest promising activity of the compounds caffeic acid and gamma-terpinene, since they were effective in the inhibition and destruction of Sporothrix sp. Isolates, especially those resistant to itraconazole.