De fábrica para patrimônio: estudo comparativo da condição de remanescentes industriais no Rio Grande do Sul / Brasil

Abstract

There are several conflicts surrounding industrial heritage within the patrimonial field. Several manufacturing goods are patrimonialized in processes completely or mostly disregarding their values. Various goods are often not framed within this typology. Facing this, the main research issue arises: what is the situation of industrial memory in the old patrimonialized factories? Thus, from previous research regarding the Laneira Brasileira S. A., an antique converting factory at the city of Pelotas in Rio Grande do Sul, other already consolidated experiences within the same state were addressed. This was performed toward the belief that their sociability similarities would be closer given their analogous social realities, and also equivalent administrative policies and geographical closeness. Hence, the Rio Grande do Sul state was observed to be elucidative in virtue of the conflicts operating in this field. Apropos assessing the situation of these goods, especially of the converting factories for being the typology eliciting this research, bibliographical revision, field and documental research, and interviews were performed. Initially, a quantification of potential industrial heritages was made concentrating on converting factories in different levels - federal, state, and municipal. Among the old patrimonialized factories identified in the quantification, the ones with greater resemblance with Laneira were selected for being both converting factories and prominent industrial poles in the XX century located within the same state. Namely, they are: the Factory two of the Metalúrgica Abramo Eberle and the Lanifício São Pedro located in Caxias do Sul/RS, and the Companhia Fiação e Tecidos Porto-Alegrense (Fiateci) and the Cervejaria Brahma in Porto Alegre/RS. These old patrimonialized factories were analyzed in the different contexts – historical and regarding local protection legislation – and transformations – patrimonialization, architectonical intervention, and novel usage – they may have underwent toward understanding their particular memorial condition, that is, the distinction of activating memories given these transformations, since these changes influence the industrial memory preservation. Hence, the main research objective is to contribute with industrial memory preservation, suggesting musealization as a process preserving and valuing all values of the industrial heritage as well as the memory of the asset.