Esculturas em Faiança Portuguesa existentes nos Casarões do Centro Histórico da Cidade de Pelotas, RS.

Abstract

Pottery is the largest artifact related to the aesthetic development, and also what else is resisting revolutions promoted by humanity. Many of these artistic pieces are in a historical legacy of ceramic production, such as the Portuguese tiles that its quality is matched by the other arts in vogue in Europe, such as tapestry, jewelery and furniture. In Brazil, during the colonial period, the pottery was instrumental composition of architectural and artistic styles such as baroque, neoclassical and eclectic. The vast majority of existing tiles and ornaments on the façades of the buildings had these styles imported from Europe, especially from France and Portugal. In the twentieth century the awareness of the importance of preserving the history of Brazilian origins gave rise to the interest of the Institute for National Artistic and Historical Heritage also some private groups such as the Institute of Ceramics Portucale Luso-Brazilian, located in the state of São Paulo, by reading Portuguese ceramic art as a tool of colonization of our memory. The city of Pelotas, one of the twenty-six cities that comprise the Projeto Monumenta by Federal Government, which owns one of the largest collections built in eclectic style nineteenth century, with 4 buildings with registration the federal level, one at the state level, 10 at the municipal level and more than 1,700 buildings inventoried, has a collection of ceramic decoration of facade of great beauty and quality, mostly in the form of ornaments and sculptures, currently being restored or in the process of preservation. This condition led to the development of the present study that aimed to identify the ceramic pieces in existing buildings registered historical heritage of the city of Pelotas, faience pottery identified as originating from Portugal. Moreover, with a view to the issue of heritage conservation was eval uated pottery in faience found in their condition degradation. The buildings surveyed are the mansions of numbers 8, 6 and 2, located at Praça Coronel Pedro Osorio, known as the House Barão de Cacequi, House Barão de São Luís and House Barão de Butuí. To develop the work initially researched the origin of the sculptures in faience and its production technology. Later, it was made visual identification, documented photographically, the cadastral survey, from catalog record, the ceramic pieces in existing houses. After, we compared the example found in houses with existing parts with a catalog of Ceramics Factory and Foundry of Devezas, published in 1910. For the analysis of the conservation status of the ceramic pieces, of information were used catalog records. Complementing the work done to determine the chemical composition of the ceramic mixture and glaze of a sample collected in a vase Krater, from the House Barão de Cacequi (House 8). The chemical compositions of the ceramic mixture and glaze were compared with chemical analyzes of ceramic pieces made by French chemist Charles Lepierre in 1912. The research and studies made possible the development of a proposal for future interventions in Portuguese faience ceramic pieces in the existing houses, from its repair or replacement for original part.