Dos ovários à clonagem e edição de genomas em modelos animais

Abstract

Due to ethical issues, it is necessary to test new drugs in animal models during the preclinical phase. However, there is an emerging need for new models that accurately model the pathology of human diseases, which has been achieved by genetically edited animal models. The main way to generate these edited animals, especially when the species of choice is swine, is through the combination of cloning and genome editing techniques. In this sense, a literature review was carried out addressing the two most used cloning techniques for the generation of such animals, namely the nuclear transfer of somatic cells (SCNT) and handmade cloning (HMC) exploring their limitations and advances. Fundamental steps such as choosing the nucleus donor cell and the recipient cytoplasm, followed by the reconstruction of the cloned embryo and transfer to a recipient were also explored. In addition, the recloning technique used to maintain these animals, as well as its advantages and disadvantages, was also addressed in an own review. As a result, a limitation in the stages of collection, storage and transport of ovaries could be pointed out. Thus, a proposal for a container capable of keeping the gonads at the correct temperature for a longer time was developed. In addition, through the writing of two review articles, it was possible to contribute with scientific knowledge and improve the processes of generation and maintenance of genetically edited animal models.