Leptospirose bovina: diagnóstico laboratorial e a importância na saúde única

Abstract

Leptospirosis is a zoonosis caused by spirochetes of the genus Leptospira. It is a neglected disease by the population with high rates in countries with tropical and subtropical climates. It also affects regions of temperate climates and is related to several factors such as climate change, migration and human habitation, and especially where there is basic sanitation in precarious conditions, being cited by the World Health Organization as an "infectious disease related to poverty". Humans can become infected through direct and indirect contact with contaminated water and soil. In the last decade, 39,270 new cases of leptospirosis were reported in Brazil. The disease is also considered occupational, as it is linked to people who work as miners, farmers, veterinarians, among others, who have contact with infected water, soil and cattle. Given the conditions presented, our study aimed to: determine the prevalence of anti-Leptospira antibodies in a population of bovine females with reproductive problems without a history of vaccination and review the importance of bovine leptospirosis in the context of one health in the last 60 years. In the serological study carried out, of the 71 samples analyzed by the MAT, 48 (67.6%) had titers ranging from 100 to 400 for at least one serovar, where the serovars Canícola (26%), Pomona (20.2%), Hardjo (12.6%) Copenhageni (10.2%) and Icterohaemorragie (8.8%) were the most reactive prevalent serovars. The high prevalence of anti-Leptospira agglutinins found on the property in question alerts to occupational exposure on the property and to the importance of vaccinating animals to prevent the disease. In the review, through the analysis of the prevalence and incidence rates of published works, it can be shown that bovine leptospirosis can be considered an endemic disease in all continents of the world. It can also be observed that occupational activities related to cattle on farms and in industry pose a high risk for human leptospirosis. Thus, it is expected that the study carried out alerts to the importance of bovine leptospirosis in the context of one health and that it serves as a reference for future studies on this topic.