“Contato entre mãos e águas” : uma abordagem zooarqueológica sobre os artefatos ósseos do Cerrito Moreira 1 – Capão do Leão/RS

Abstract

This dissertation aims to discuss the bone industry in cerritos (Earthen mound) in southern Brazil, based on the analysis of a set of artifacts recovered from the archaeological site Moreira 1, located in Capão do Leão (Rio Grande do Sul). The site stands out for presenting combustion structures and a well-defined burial. The cerritos in the Laguna dos Patos region date from 3460 ± 400 B.P. which extend up to the 18th century. Current zooarchaeological and isotopic analyses show a diet based on fishing resources which corroborate the interpretations about the exploitation of fauna in the production of artefacts. For the analysis of site Moreira 1, the faunal remains with evidence of manipulation were sorted. The method of comparative anatomy and digital microscopy was applied. The results obtained allowed us to discuss the selection of animal species and anatomical elements, bone industry processing techniques and the spatial and chronological distribution of the morphologies of the artifacts identified in cerritos sites dated from the southern region of Brazil. There is a predominance of artifacts produced in metapodia of Pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) and canids. Regarding the processing, the condyles were removed from the deer metapods. As for the canid teeth, the horizontal cut and the braiding of the roots were noticed. In synthesis, the work reinforces the role of faunal resources, mainly for the production of artefacts, as well as the intrinsic relationship of the contact of cerritos building groups with water..