Cruzando fronteiras: entre o rural e o urbano, guasqueria como patrimônio em Jaguarão/BR e Rio Branco/UY

Abstract

The guasqueria, in this thesis is presented as a handmade craft, which modifies the leather, transforming it into objects. In this process of creation around a piece of raw hide, a dorsal structure was established, and, through the transmission and repetition that is maintained until the present day, with minimal changes, being: I) obtaining the main raw material, the raw hide; II) Washing, III) descarne, IV) lonqueamento, V) stake and drying); VI) cut the loncas, leather straps VII) sovar, which consists of softening the leather VIII) take away the tentos, which are the thin leather straps and finally IX) make the braid. This structure has become a central element for the identification of the subjects who practice this craft, in guasqueiros. This craft arises in conjunction with the work of the peasant pawn, the relationship established between man and animal, man and nature, man and object. It will be through the figure of the pawn that the guasqueiro will be born. The main objective was to develop a comparative analysis of handicraft productions in raw hide, guasqueria, in the border areas of Jaguarão/Brazil and Rio Branco/Uruguay. The specific objectives were: to identify the common aspects and specificities of guasqueria know-how in the border zone between Jaguarão and Rio Branco, to determine the weight of factors such as geography and history along the trajectory of guasqueria production, to observe patterns of integration in the way of making guasqueria in the cross-border culture based on the comparative study of the two cases. The research method used was a qualitative exploratory research with data collection through semi-structured interviews with five border interlogrowers working with the production of guasqueria, three representatives of Jaguarão and two representatives of Rio Branco, in a time frame between the 20th and 21st centuries. In relation to the identification of water palm sours, the use of water trees and initials of the name for the subjects of Jaguarão and guasquero and initials of the name for the subjects of Rio Branco, respectively: guasqueiro A.B, guasqueiro C.C, guasqueiro V.S, guasquero L.G and guasquero A.R. It is worth mentioning as results, that the guasqueiros interviewed present similarities in the process of creating raw hide objects, as well as the adoption of new techniques for raw material management. One of the main reasons they have entered the area of this know-how to make artisanal is because they are pedestrians or are connected in some way to rural activities. The way of sharing this craft occurs by face-to-face oral transmission and virtual oral transmission, but always in the niche pawn / guasqueiro for guasqueiro. The border emerges as a connecting element, which allows the flow, there are no limitations and is already naturalized to the point of not perceiving its influences. Therefore, the border guasqueria is constituted by the sharing of knowledge and presenting a similar cycle between the guasqueiros here (here) and the guasqueros there (allí).