Políticas de Memória: a atuação do Estado brasileiro frente ao seu passado ditatorial militar – da Lei de Anistia ao governo Bolsonaro

Abstract

This study analyzes the Brazilian State actuation in the field of the memory of the dictatorship, since the Amnesty Law, from 1979, until the middle of the year of 2021, when the Brazilian government, through the Ministry of Woman, Family and Human Rights, allowed the revision of amnesties previously granted. Developed from a qualitative methodology, based on exploratory analyzies and documentary search, this research stablished four performance moments of the State regarding the dictatorial memory: 1) the Amnesty Law, in the end of the dictatorship; 2) the beginning of the politics of memory, in 1995; 3) the expansion of the politics of memory, in the middle of the 2000’s; 4) the disarticulation and the mischaracterization of these politics, started in 2016. For the analysis, the chapters of this paper was divide also in four: on the first chapter it is presented the terms that base the discussions about the dictatorship memory; on the second chapter it analysed the beginning and the development of the politics of memory in the country; the third chapter is about the National Truth Commission and the outspreads of it’s Final Report; on the forth chapter it is analysed the disarticulation of the politics of memory by the Brazilian State. With the results, it was verified that from the end of the dictatorship until nowadays the Amnesty Law has turned impossible to make justice for the crimes committed by the repressive State during the military regime; to face the forgetfulness and the silencing imposed by the Amnesty Law, politics of memory was established from requests of the families of victims of the dictatorship that still seek for information about the beloved ones that remain disappeared. These politics started with the Dead and Disappeared Law, from 1995, when, for the first time, the State admitted torturing, murdering and disappearing people during the dictatorship. Between the middle of the 2000’s and the 2010’s, Brazil experienced a moment of expansion of these politics that lead the country to the installation of the National Truth Commission, in 2012; however, the works of the commission displeased some parts of the society, especially the militaries; and after the delivery of the Final Report, the country faced a political coup that deposed an legitimately elected president and lead to the Planalto Palace the responsible to start a disarticulation of the politics of memory; this disarticulation was intensified in 2019 and lead the politics of memory to the establishment of a counter narrative that aims to praise the military dictatorship.