ESCAIOLA versus MARMORINO Estudo comparativo na Capela da Santa Casa e na Casa Eliseu Maciel – Pelotas, RS.

Abstract

The present work has developed in order to rescue the memory of still existing building techniques, executed by Italian professionals in the 19th century, with the respective materials, which survived time, in the city of Pelotas – RS. From the architecture of this period the ornamental stucco is highlighted, and is found in façade relief ornamentations and internal coatings in ceilings and walls. The decorative finishes are rich in details mainly concerning the walls and columns panels with finishes which “pretended” being ornamental stones, such as marble, in the form of wall paintings or colored coatings, with characteristic materials and technologies. The main purpose of these techniques was to replace marble and reaching water-proof coating. Among these, we highlight in the buildings, object of this study, the marmorino coating type – which was commonly called for many years as stucco-marble and the “true” stucco-marble that is seldom found. The purpose is to clarify the nomenclature adopted by these techniques and prove the terminology pursuing the knowledge through history. The idea is also to rescue the still existing building materials and techniques, as these coatings are rich in details and many contributions can be explored. But, in order to do so, preventing its destruction is not enough. It is also necessary defending a less traumatic restoration. The mineralogical characterization of the materials used in these techniques is to contribute for the definition of the materials to be used in future restorations properly for the good to be restored.