Efeitos da cooperação e da competição na aprendizagem de uma habilidade motora realizada em contexto online

Abstract

Research in motor learning has shown that meeting the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence and social relationships brings benefits in the acquisition of motor skills in different populations. Recently, cooperation and competition began to be investigated as variables in the context of practice capable of affecting the perception of social relationships. The present work carried out a literature review about the effects of cooperation and competition on the performance and learning of motor skills, in addition to an experimental study, which aimed to verify the effects of cooperation and competition on the learning of a motor skill performed online. in adults. Experiment participants were randomly assigned to two groups and were told that the task consisted of hitting as many targets as possible that appeared on the screen in each attempt. After the pre-test and before the practice phase, participants in the cooperation group (COO) received instructions directed towards a context of cooperative practice, while participants in the competition group (COMP) received instructions directed towards a structured practice in competition. Retention and transfer tests were performed the next day in order to verify learning. The results showed that the support for social relationships, manipulated through a context of practice structured in cooperation, benefits the motor learning of adults in a motor skill performed online, when compared to a context of practice structured in competition. The findings obtained through this study can serve to better understand the theme, as well as a basis for planning more efficient practical interventions. For future studies, it is suggested to test the effect of interactions with other variables, such as with the potential to increase the perception of competence, such as positive feedback.