Ecofisiologia da soja, rendimento e qualidade de sementes em diferentes épocas de semeadura e densidades de cultivo

Abstract

Soybean is fundamentally important in Brazilian agribusiness, being one of the most cultivated crops throughout practically the whole country. The cultivation environment and the management used are fundamental for the good development of the crop and for obtaining high yields and for the production of quality seeds. Thus, the objective of the work is to evaluate two different sowing times and five cultivation densities (160, 200, 240, 280 and 320 thousand plants per hectare) and the effect on growth, components of yield, yield and quality of soybean seeds. . The work was carried out in Turuçu-RS, with a randomized block design in a 2x5 factorial scheme. The evaluations carried out were solar radiation at the top and basal part of the plants, chlorophyll content “a” and “b” in the leaves at stage R5.5, the leaf area index, dry root matter, stem, leaves and vegetables of the plants, total number of vegetables, height in R1, number of reproductive nodes, seed yield per plant and distribution of vegetables and seeds in the plants and the quality of the seeds produced. The cultivation of soybeans in different growing seasons and under different plant densities alter the expression of soybean yield components, sowing in the second half of November favor better developed plants and higher yields, as well as lower densities favor higher yields per plant expressing the phenotypic plasticity of soy. Soybean sowing in the second half of December favored higher seed quality, but lower yields.