Porta-enxertos para a cultura da pereira tipo européia

Abstract

This study was developed with the objectives of evaluating different rootstocks grafted on european pear, cultivars Conference, William's Bon Chrétien and Packham's Triumph; the development of cv. Doyenné Du Comice under different hydric conditions; and the grafting compatibility of the cvs. Cascatense, Carrick and Seleta. In a total of four separated experiments, two of them were carried out in the Pisa University, in Italy, at the experimental orchard of the Facoltà di Agraria, during the 2003 growth season. The experiment 1 was done with the objective to evaluate different rootstocks cultivars for the culture of the pear tree, grafted with the cv. Conference. The aim of the second experiment was to evaluate the effect of the rootstock and different soil hydric conditions on the vegetate-productive behavior of pear tree. The remaining experiments were carried out in the Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil, at the Agricultural Center of Palma. The experiment 3 aimed in verifying the compatibility degree among the rootstock of quince cv. EMC and the Cascatense, Carrick and Seleta cultivars. The experiments 4 evaluated, agronomical the effect of several quince rootstocks and Pyrus calleryana on the growth and development of pear trees. Regarding the vegetative development and productivity, it was verified that the clonal pear rootstocks were normally greater than quince rootstocks. In general, pear and quince rootstocks have provided a good fruit production. When grafted on Carrick e Seleta cultivars, the quince rootstock EMC induced a reduced plant xvi size and smaller production accumulated, besides promoted a larger productive efficiency and good initial compatibility. The most significant fruit enlargement was verified in the final period of fruit development and was greater in irrigated rootstocks. The irrigation also provided larger fluctuation of the plant trunk diameter. Quince rootstocks have presented more sensitivity to hydric stress than the rootstock of Pyrus spp. Plants grafted on irrigated quince presented the highest gaseous changes and estimated productivity.