Caracterização molecular de alelos-S e de locos microssatélites em Prunus salicina (Lindl.)

Abstract

The production of plum is an important commodity around the world. In Brazil, the state of Rio Grande do Sul is the major producer. However, despite the great potential for cultivation, some factors are limiting for increasing the production, such as: a) climate variability; b) use of inadequate stocks; c) pollination of most cultivar is self-incompatible d) doubtful genetic history of the plant material. Considering these problems, the aim of this work was to identify allele-S related to gametophytic self- incompatibility in Prunus salicina (Lindl.) and to perform the molecular characterization of cultivars by means of microsatellites locus. For these purposes eleven cultivars of Japanese plum [Santa Rosa, Santa Rita, Reubennel, Pluma 7, América, Rosa Mineira, Amarelinha, The First, Gulfblaze (Clone São Paulo), Gulfblaze (Clone Guaíba) e Harry Pickstone] were analysed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using three pairs of primers specific for amplifying the alleles-S and primers for five microsatellite locus. The experiments were performed in the Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos de Plantas Caracterização Molecular, of the Departamento de Botânica da Universidade Federal de Pelotas. In the amplification of alleles-S was observed that the reaction mix for PCR, the PCR conditions, and primers combination, allowed an effective characterization of alleles-S in the cultivars of P. salicina and the identification of pollinators more compatible to commercial cultivars. Sequencing analysis of some amplified alleles-S revealed high similarity to sequences of nucleotides already identified in other studies with Prunus spp. In the analysis of five microsatellite locus thirty polymorphisms were obtained allowing a clear identification of Japanese plum genotypes, elucidating the homonymy between the cultivars Gulfblaze (Clone São Paulo) and Gulfblaze (Clone Guaíba). However, the polymorphisms were not sufficient for obtaining a reasonable estimation of the genetic variability and grouping analysis of the Japanese plums evaluated.