Caracterização físico-química e fitoquímica de pêssegos da cv. Maciel sobre diferentes porta-enxertos

Abstract

Althought there are researches that report the influence of rootstock about the scion cultivar, changing their behavior in relation to development, productivity, resistance, nutrition, maturation time and the quality of the fruits, these results are not conclusive. Objective of the study was evaluate the effect of rootstock Aldrighi, Capdeboscq, Flordaguard, Nemaguard, Okinawa and Umezeiro about quality of peaches cultivar Maciel. The fruits of the cultivar Maciel are from two orchards located in the Agricultural Center of Palma UFPel/Capão do Leão and in the experimental Estation of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul UFRGS/Eldorado do Sul. After the harvest, the fruits carried the following Physico-chemical analysis: acidity, skin color, total soluble solids, pH, 'Ratio' and firmness. For phytochemical analysis, fruits were separated into peel and flesh, stored in ultra-freezer, and later held the analysis of individual and total phenols, total and individual carotenoids and antioxidant activity. For Palma‟s fruits, the rootstock evaluated influenced considerably the acidity parameters, firmness, color of coating, pH, and ratio. These effects were not observed in the experimental Estation UFRGS with the same cultivar. The values of phenols and carotenoids total and individual were influenced by the rootstocks both the flesh and the peel, for the two localities. The Okinawa‟ had the highest average of total phenols in the peel for both places, Flordaguard‟ the flesh showed the highest average for the CAP‟s fruit and Nemaguard‟ to the fruits EE/UFRGS. The quantification of phenolic compounds, the gallic acid is the highest expression followed by p-hydroxybenzoic, p-coumaric and caffeic. For carotenoids in the flesh Okinawa‟ showed the highest average not differing from Aldrighi‟ while in the largest EE/UFRGS results were found in the Capdeboscq‟, Nemaguard‟ and Umezeiro‟. For carotenoids, β-cryptoxanthin, is the majority pigment, still presenting licopen and β-caroten in minors amounts. Nemaguard, Aldrighi and Umezeiro‟ present a higher value for antioxidant capacity. In the analysis of correlation between phytochemical were watched a weak and positive correlation for the flesh of the fruits and for the peel a correlation weak and negative. It is conclude that the rootstock might affect in an undirected form some phytochemical and physico-chemical, for both localities in which fruits were characterized.