Impacto da sistematização sobre atributos físicos, químicos e biológico em solos de várzea.

Abstract

Land leveling is the process of alteration of natural surfer of land into a plan. This practice is relatively common in the lowland of the RS, because it increases the efficiencies of the agricultural practices mainly the uniformity of irrigation. However, for its implementation has great movement of soil with cut in relatively high point and filled in the lower part. The objectives of this study were to (i) know the effect of the land leveling on behavior of average of physical, chemical and biological soil attributes (ii) identify the different patterns of behavior and spatial distribution of soil attributes before and after land leveling, and (iii) know the relationship between the magnitude of cuts and fills with soil attributes. To this end, in typical irrigated rice area in the county of Capão do Leão, RS, in a grid of 100 points in equidistant arrangement of 10 x 10m, soil samples were collected before and after the land leveling, with the purpose of obtaining physical, chemical and biological soil attributes. The results showed that land leveling affects the spatial variability and distribution of almost all the attributes of the soil studied. Adversely affect the physical attributes of soil, especially the mean size distribution of aggregate stability and macroporosity. The land leveling also adversely affect the fertility of the soil, since there is greater need for application of lime due to the increase in the average value of the SMP and fertilizer due to the decrease in mean levels of nutrients such as phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, probably the available nitrogen, except the average of potassium that to increase. The area where the soil was cut the correction of the acidity and fertility, with the application of chemical fertilizers and/or organic, should be conducted according to the magnitude of the cuts caused by the land leveling.