Capacidade imunomoduladora de extratos etanólico de própolis verde e aquoso de própolis marrom em camundongos inoculados com antígenos múltiplos

Abstract

The vaccines with multiple antigens have represented a major advance in the immunization of pets and production animals, since they represent economies of time, cost, and stress. However, the efficiency of these vaccines have sometimes been questioned and the choice of an appropriate adjuvant can mean a breakthrough in multiple immunizations. In this context, propolis, which is drawing the attention of many researchers due to its bioactive properties, emerges as a possible candidate, because many studies have demonstrated its stimulating activity on the humoral and cellular immune system. As studies have shown adjuvant activity in inactivated and monovalent vaccines, but there are no reports on its action on multiple and attenuated vaccines, this study aimed at evaluating the immunomodulatory capacity of ethanolic extract of green propolis and aqueous extract of brown propolis, against attenuate parvovirus canine (CPV) and inactivated canine coronavirus (CCoV), when associated with a vaccine composed of multiple antigens. Green propolis stimulated the production of antibodies against CPV in animals inoculated with the highest concentration of antigen (3.0 x106 TCID50) co-administered with 400 mg/dose of its ethanolic extract. The addition of 400 mg/dose of aqueous extract of brown propolis to different concentrations of commercial antigens (0.75, 1.5 e 3.0 x 106 TCID50) increased the humoral immune response against CPV in all groups. Regarding CCoV, green propolis showed no adjuvant activity. Already titration of the antibodies showed an increase in animals inoculated with 1.5 and 3.0 x106 TCID50 of antigens co-administered with aqueous extract of brown propolis. The cellular response was assessed by the expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) for interferon gamma (INFı), revealing that the green propolis showed no adjuvant activity, while the brown propolis increased the production of this cytokine against CPV in animals inoculated with 0.75 and 3.0 x106 TCID50 of antigens. The production of INF-ı specific to CCoV revealed properties immunostimulating agent of green propolis in concentrations of 0.75 and 3.0 x106 TCID50 of antigens and of brown propolis at a dose of vaccine of 3.0 x106 TCID50. The results presented in this study demonstrated that the ethanol extract of green propolis increased humoral response against CPV and cellular response against CCoV.And the aqueous extract of brown propolis has adjuvant activity on the humoral and cellular immune responses against the attenuated CPV and inactivated CCoV, when incorporated into a multiple vaccine. The use of propolis may contribute to the effectiveness of multiple vaccines due its stimulating activity to both the humoral and cellular immune responses, which justifies more research in that area.