Morangueiro e amoreira-preta: manejo e competição de genótipos

Abstract

The diversification of small agricultural properties through the cultivation of small fruits, such as strawberries and blackberries, plays a crucial role in rural development. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance of strawberry genotypes according to the cultivation system and renewal pruning management, as well as to assess the productive potential of blackberry genotypes. The study was divided into four experiments. In the first experiment, five strawberry genotypes ('Albion', 'Monterey', 'San Andreas', 'Fronteras', and 'BRS DC25 Fênix') were evaluated in two cultivation systems: soilless using slabs with substrate in a protected environment, and conventional soil cultivation with beds covered by mulching and low tunnels (annual hill system). The conventional system resulted in higher fruit production of fruits, with fruits containing higher soluble solids content, firmness, ratio, and bioactive compound, while the soilless system showed the highest productivity. 'Fronteras' and 'BRS DC25 Fênix' stood out with the highest fruit yields and 'Albion' and 'BRS DC25 Fênix' had the highest levels of soluble solids. In the second experiment, eight strawberry genotypes (Selection 30-8; Sel. 31-9; Sel. 35-2, 'BRS DC25 Fênix', 'BRS DC22', 'Fronteras', 'Albion', and 'San Andreas') were cultivated in a soilless system for two consecutive cycles, with half of the plots subjected to renewal pruning at the end of the first cycle. Drastic pruning did not result in increased fruit production during the second cycle for most genotypes (Selection 35-2, 'BRS DC22', 'BRS DC25 Fênix', 'Fronteras', and 'San Andreas'). 'Albion' and Sel. 30-8 had their production reduced, while 'Sel. 31-9' benefited from this technique. The third and fourth experiments aimed to evaluate blackberry genotypes developed by Embrapa concerning phenology, production, and fruit quality. Seven thornless genotypes (Black 310, Black 348, Black 353, Black 356, Black 371, 'BRS Karajá', and 'Xavante') and ten thorny genotypes (Black 251, Black 312, Black 331, Black 338, Black 355, Black 367, Black 370, Black 378, 'Tupy', and 'BRS Cainguá') were studied over three consecutive seasons. The dates showed that 'BRS Karajá' had earlier fruit ripening than 'Xavante', while Black 353 and Black 356 were later. 'BRS Karajá', Black 310, Black 353, and Black 356 showed high accumulated yields above 40 t ha-1 considering the first three harvests. 'BRS Karajá' has potential for the fresh fruit market due to the high fruit ratio value. Black 312 showed promise for commercial cultivation due to its high productivity, high anthocyanin content, antioxidant activity, and low density of thorns on its plants. Black 338 and Black 251 are suitable for processing due to their high titratable acidity and productivity. Black 355 had fruits with high soluble solids content, ratio, and firmness, but its plants had a high thorn density. Black 355, Black 367, and Black 370 had the highest total phenolic compound content.