Influência das dietas vegana e vegetariana na saúde periodontal: uma revisão sistemática e metanálises

Abstract

Unhealthy dietary patterns may influence the pathogenesis of the periodontal disease. Previous systematic reviews have shown that healthy diets based on fruits, vegetables, and fiber showed beneficial effects on periodontal health. However, studies evaluating the relationship between vegetarian diets and periodontitis are still scarce, especially concerning periodontal clinical parameters. This study aimed to review the literature critically and systematically on the effects of vegetarian diet patterns on periodontal inflammatory parameters. Electronic searches were performed in seven databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science, Cochrane, BVS, and Scielo). Two researchers independently selected studies, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias, and a third researcher was engaged to resolve disagreements. Five meta analyses were performed to compare the parameters of probing depth, bleeding on probing, clinical attachment level, plaque index, and gingival index between vegetarian and non-vegetarian subjects. Six cross-sectional studies were included. Significant differences were observed between parameters of probing depth (SPD: 0.18; 95% CI: -0.30-0.07) and bleeding on probing (SPD: 9.31; 95% CI: -16.49–2.13), indicating significant improvements in the inflammatory parameters of vegetarians when compared to non-vegetarians. No significant differences were observed in clinical attachment level (SMD: 0.15; 95%CI: −0.42, 0.11), plaque index (SMD: 0.04; 95%CI: -0.08, 0.15), and gingival index (SMD: 0.10; 95%CI: -0.11, 0.30) between groups. Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that vegetarian individuals have more controlled inflammatory parameters of probing depth and bleeding on probing when compared to non vegetarian individuals.