Estudo do regime de altas energias da dinâmica de interações fortes na produção de partículas em colisões hadrônicas e colisões elétron - hádron

Abstract

The search for a new physics and the study of new states of hadronic matter in modern colliders has provided a great advance in the field of particle physics. In these colliders, the high energy regime of Quantum Chromodynamics has been intensively investigated through high energy collision experiments. The description of the structure of hadrons in the high energy regime present in proton - proton, proton - nucleus and nucleus - nucleus collisions in the LHC (Large Hadron Collider ) is an open question. In this regime, non- linear effects are expected to determine the dynamic behavior of the quarks and gluons content inside the hadrons. Theoretically, at the high energy limit, it is observed that hadrons are populated by gluons. As a consequence of the nonlinear dynamics, the growth of the gluon distribution is expected to saturate. We consider two alternatives for the study of saturation of gluons, one is through hadronic collisions and the other through electron - hadron collisions. In this work we investigate the phenomenological implications of nonlinear dynamics through the production of heavy quarks, jet production and by the coherent and incoherent production of J/Ψ in hadronic collisions at the LHC and FCC (Future Circular Collider ). Another alternative for the study is the coherent and incoherent vector meson production and the DVCS process in electron - hadron collisions in the future EIC (Electron - Ion Collider ) and LHeC (Large Hadron Electron Collider ). For this, we have used the color dipole formalism, which takes into account of the non-linear effects (saturation). In particular, we present our results for the production of charm and bottom quaks in proton - proton, proton - nucleus and nucleus - nucleus interactions, in the energies of the LHC and the FCC, as well as the production of a jet in proton - nucleus and nucleus - nucleus interactions at ultraperipheral collisions. Another interesting result is for the coherent and incoherent production of J/Ψ at the LHC and FCC. We have also studied the exclusive of vector mesons J/Ψ and φ production in electron - ion collisions in the EIC, LHeC and FCC, as well as the DVCS processes in electron - proton and electron - ion collisions, and the coherent and incoherent DVCS process in electron - ion collisions in the EIC and LHeC. In this thesis we analyze total cross section, rapidity distribution, transverse momentum distribution and the energy spectrum in photon - induced processes and in coherent and incoherent processes. Our results indicate that the study of these observables can be used to investigate the dynamics of Quantum Chromodynamics at high energies, in particular, the nonlinear effects.