Deriva de herbicidas sobre plantas de tomate e pessegueiro e atributos do vigor em sementes de soja

Abstract

The intensive use of glyphosate for weed control in RR® soybean resulted in the selection of resistant biotypes, leaving few alternatives for the selective control of glyphosate resistant species and other weeds. In this context, there is a need for the development of new technologies such as Enlist™, which provides soybean tolerance to 2,4-D choline herbicide. Enlist™ was developed through the insertion of bacterial genes that allow herbicide metabolize recommended for the culture, called EnlistDuo™. The objectives of the research were to evaluate the photosynthetic parameters, oxidative damages and metabolic alterations of peach and tomato plants distributed over six distances (1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10m) and submitted to herbicide drift of EnlistDuo™, 2,4D Salt Hill, combination of glyphosate + 2,4D and control without application; to evaluate the physiological quality of Enlist™ soybean seeds submitted to application of EnlistDuo™ herbicides, 2,4-D choline salt, glyphosate + 2,4-D amine salt and glufosinate. The results showed that the herbicides EnlistDuo™, 2,4-D choline and glyphosate+2,4-D on tomato and peach plants negatively affect the photosynthetic parameters and increase lipid peroxidation. The AIXR spray tip is more efficient in reducing the effect of the drift on the plants, compared to XR; and as the distance from the point of application increases, the effects of simulated drift of the herbicides are reduced. The management of Enlist™ soybean with EnlistDuo™ herbicide does not affect the physiological quality of the seeds produced. The treatment with the herbicide 2,4-D choline gave rise to seedlings with a higher accumulation of shoot mass. The herbicides application on soybean in V6 stage results in the production of seeds with better initial growth.