Efeito de iscas tóxicas a base de espinosinas sobre Ceratitis capitata e Diachasmimorpha longicaudata em laboratório

Abstract

The Mediterranean fly Ceratitis capitata is a polyphagous species that attacks different fruit species causing significant losses in production. The use of toxic baits associated with biological control with the parasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata are alternatives to pest management. Spinosyns are insecticides that can be employed as lethal agents in toxic bait formulations providing more environmentally and safety of food control. In this work, the Lethal Concentration (LC) and Lethal Time (TL) of Spinosad (Tracer 480 CE) and Spinetoran (Delegate 250 WG) were evaluated, associated with the foods lures sugarcane molasses (7%), Biofruit® (3%), CeraTrap® (1.5%), Flyral® (1,25%), Isca Samaritá® and Traditional Samaritá® (3%) on C. capitata, and evaluated the effect of these formulations in the concentration of 96ppm on the parasitoid D. longicaudata in the laboratory (T = 25 ± 2 ° C, RH = 70 ± 15% and 12 h photophase). In order to determine CL on C. capitata, the baits were offered for four hours inside cages containing five couples, 5-8 days old, at concentrations of 250, 130, 70, 40, 20, 6, 2 and 0, 1 ppm and 150, 75, 38, 10, 3, 0.8, 0.06 and 0.005 ppm for the spinosad and spinet insecticides, respectively. Mortality was evaluated at intervals of 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after the application of baits. For the TL data and effect on D. longicaudata, the toxic baits were formulated at 96 ppm concentration and the mortality evaluated at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22 , 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84 and 96 hours after exposure. The lowest CL 50 and CL 95 corresponded to the association with the food attraction Isca Samaritá Tradicional® at 3% for spinosad (0.76, 7,79 ppm) and spinetoram (0,45, 3.74ppm). The lowest TL 50, in hours, for the insecticide spinosade corresponded to the formulation with Biofruit® at 3% (6.58) and to spin the association with the Traditional Isca Samarità® at 3% (7.92). The TL 95 minors corresponded to the same attractions when associated with the insecticides espinosade (15.81) and spinetoram (19.76). For the parasitoid D. longicaudata, the association between spinosad and espinetor to the food attraction Isca Samaritá® at 3% differed significantly from the other toxic baits, causing mortality higher than 60%. The formulations that caused lower mortality corresponded to the association of 3% Biofruit® with spinosad (4.7%) and 3% Traditional Isca Samarità® with spinetoram (3.5%). The formulations of Biofruit®(3%) with spinosad and Traditional Samatirá bait® with spinetoran showed the best responses for the control of C. capitata as well as for the selectivity to D. longicaudata, in the laboratory.