Velocidade de semeadura e cobertura do solo no desempenho produtivo de soja

Abstract

To reach the productive potential of a given cultivar, several factors must be taken into account during the planning and execution of a given crop. The sowing speed is one of the factors that must be observed when sowing soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merrill), because if it is much higher, it can lead to failures or doubles, which in the worst case scenario will result in lower yields and potentially affect seed quality. The objective of this project was to verify the effect of different sowing speeds, soil cover and use of solid lubricant on plantability, yield components and quality of soybean seeds. The experiments were conducted under field conditions in the interior of the municipality of Candelária, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. In the experiment, the effect of two cover crops (black oat and rye), the use of solid lubricant in the seed (with and without) and three sowing speeds (3, 5 and 7 km.h-1) on the components of yield, productivity and quality of soybean seeds. With the result of this research, it is expected to increase the sowing quality, identifying an adequate speed that provides an acceptable seed distribution. The results were demonstrated in two articles, one representing the field part (experiment 1) and the other the laboratory part (experiment 2). With the result of experiment 1, it was observed that the non-use of graphite presented the worst results in terms of plantability, as it reduced the percentage of acceptable spacing and increased the percentage of double plants and failures. For seed quality in experiment 2, it was not possible to conclude that the type of cover crop, sowing speed and use of with and without solid lubricant affect seed quality.