Agentes infecciosos em gestantes e pacientes neoplásicos de um hospital público da região Sul do Brasil

Abstract

Infectious agents are of great importance in public health. Infections caused by such agents can have a course of symptomatic or asymptomatic infection, depending on factors such as host immunity. In this context, there are groups of individuals who may be more susceptible to infections, including cancer patients and pregnant women. In view of the above, the objective of this study was to verify the registration rates of tests requested for infectious agents in pregnant women and neoplastic patients seen at a public hospital in the extreme south of Brazil. These were retrospective and cross-sectional studies that were carried out in the years 2017 and 2018 using data related to socio-economic aspects and serological tests obtained through the ADS-hospital (Software Analysis and Development - hospital) and AGHU (Management Applications for University Hospitals). For the study conducted with a focus on pregnant women (n = 653) test results were searched for: Toxoplasma gondii (IgG and IgM), cytomegalovirus (IgG and IgM), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Treponema pallidum (Syphilis - VDRL) , hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV). Syphilis results in neonates of positive pregnant women were also investigated. For toxoplasmosis, HCV and HBSAg more than 90% of these were evaluated. For syphilis and HIV, these were 28.01% and 23.12%, respectively. For cytomegalovirus this was significantly lower (2.14%). The main results of seropositivity of pregnant women were: toxoplasmosis (IgG 51.6%, IgM 0.5%), CMV (IgG 92.9%, IgM 7.7%), HCV (0.5%). Regarding the study focusing on cancer patients (n = 81), the most frequent types of cancers were: intestine (14.8%), breast (8.6%) and prostate (7.4%). As for the results of laboratory tests, the most requested were anti -HCV (n = 27, 33.33%), HBSAg (n = 26, 32.09%), Toxoplasmosis (IgG and IgM) (n = 18, 22, 22%) and Epstein-Baar (IgG and IgM) (n = 16, 19.75%). Of the positive patients on the exams, 53.1% had lymphomas and leukemias. It is concluded that the main recommended exams were performed in the studied population, however, it is necessary to increase the rates of requests, since the gestational period requires specific care for the health of the woman, the fetus, and later the neonate. It is important to adopt criteria that allow the monitoring of all stages of pregnancy, including childbirth, by the same health team that performed the prenatal care, and if possible, that they are included in only one technological tool with easy access to the history health of the pregnant woman. It is extremely important to perform the serological diagnosis and clinical follow-up of all cancer patients, as there are several biological agents that are oncogenic and others t hat can be reactivated. Despite the limitations of the study, due to the lack of results in several medical records, it makes it possible to broaden the view regarding the presence of infectious agents, as well as the development of new studies aimed at the health care of pregnant women and cancer patients.