Leitura em língua minoritária: um estudo sobre duas ortografias do pomerano

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate how (pluri)bilingual speakers of Pomeranian, a minority language, read words and texts in their mother native language written in two orthographies, in order to taking e into account that the linguistic diversity has orthographies under construction. To conduct the study, we use the orthography of the Short Portuguese- Pomeranian School Dictionary (SCHNEIDER, 2019), supported by Tressmann (2006), and we propose an alternative orthography based on the writings of Johannes Sass (2016[1956]), Fritz Reuter (2022[1905]), Klaus Groth (2022[1856]), and Renate Herrmann-Winter (1997, 1999), authors of Low German, the language group to which Pomeranian language belongs to. The possibility opportunity to study orthography and reading may offer considerations for the choices made in developing orthographies for speakers, since writing is a factor in language maintenance. The study aims not only to substantiate the topic, but also to promote writing and reading in minority languages as it gains visibility through research and finds space in the academic environment. In order to achieve the desired results, a bibliographic study was conducted based on four Low German authors in order to develop an alternative orthography that follows a dialogic language policy to promote Pomeranian. Two instruments were developed to delineate the alternative orthography: a language history questionnaire, a text, and a word list. Two tasks emerged from the instruments: the first task is for reading comprehension and the second is for oral reading of individual words. The tasks were conducted with 36 bi-(pluri)lingual adult participants from Serra dos Tapes, RS, Brazil. The tasks were applied completed in two sessions, following the sequence of tasks and orthographies. In addition, the volunteers completed a language acquisition history questionnaire. Results considered accuracy, reading time, and participants; performance in reading both orthographies. The results show that participants showed high performance in comprehending texts in both orthographies and generally decoded graphemes when reading isolated words, with exceptions of lower average scores in less transparent phoneme-grapheme conversions. Thus, the study can contribute to the discussion about the efficiency of orthographies for minority languages that opt for different phoneme-grapheme conversions but still adhere to a norm. Moreover, the results can debunk myths about the difficulty of reading and writing in Pomeranian. Finally, this study recognizes writing as a method of preserving the Pomeranian language and aims to popularize discussion about this skill, especially in the Pomeranian community.

In dëse furschung wile wij unersuike, woo groot lüür, dai dai pomersch språk fortele daue, in eere muterspråk wöör forleese un texte leese daue. Dai sriwt tau de pomersch språk is nog ni sër bekant in de gëgend Serra dos Tapes im Rio Grande do Sul, dårwege daue dai lüür, wat in dëse furschung mitmåke, dai språk up twai sorte Sriwt leese. Dai ain sriwt richt sich na dem wöörbauk von Schneider (2019), wat nå de sriwt fon Tressmann (2006) srewe is. Dai anard sriwt richt sich na Johannes Sass (2016[1956]), Fritz Reuter (2022[1905]), Klaus Groth (2022[1856]) un Renate Herrmann-Winter (1997, 1999). Dai fair sün uut Düütschland un häwe fon früscher tijd an al in de platdüütsche språk srewe, dun as dat nog dat Pommerland gaiw bet hüüt hen. Dai pomersch språk höört ook tau de platdüütsche språke tau. Wij wile dat dai pomersch språk sich wijrer hule däit un nå oos åhnung nå, däit dat mithelpe, wenn dat sriwen un leesen unersöcht wart. Je mër lüür, dat sich åwer dai pomersch språk interessijre un nåfråge daue, je mër däit dat mithelpe, dat dai språk bekanter wart un sich forwåre däit. Ook ine faculdades måke sich dårwege ümer mër lüür gedanke oiwer. Dat wij sowijd kome sün taum dit dordrijwen, häwe wij wööbuik fon de fair lüür ut Düütschland uutstudiert un dun häwe wij us ain frisch srwijt uutklugt. Ain srwit fone früscher tijd, dat bet hüüt hen noch leest un srewe ware kann. As wij trecht wäire mit de nijge sriwftt, dun sün twai sorte aktivitëten uutdacht wure. Dai ain wäir ain list fon wöör un dat anerd wäir air text, dårmit wule wij unersuike woo dai lüür ine pomersche språk luur forleese däire un af sai dat ook forståe, wat sai leese daue.36 kërls un fruuges, wat mër as ain språk fortele, ut Canguçu, São Lourenço (do sul), Arroio do Padre, Turuçu und Pelotas häwe mitmåkt. Jëre mësch müst dai twai daile twai mål leese. Nåher häwe wij eer nog utfrågt, den wij wule waite, weeken andre språke sai küine um wootau sai dai lërt hare. Ales is upnåme wure un unersöcht wure, woo genau, woo feel richtig leest wure sin un woofeel tijd taum leesen forbröcht wure is. Dat hät sich beweese, dat dai lüür dai twai sorte sriwte sër gaud leese koine, bloos bij weeke baukstoowe is dat swåre taum lesen, egål up weeken sriwt dai ainsel wöör srewe sün. Mit air klair pår baukstoowe wäire dai lüür nog ni sër gewoont. Åwer nu koine wij seege, dat feel denke, dat dat leesen up pomersch swår is, áwer dai furschung däit angeewe, dat dat går ni stimt. Tau letst koine wij taugeewe, dat dat srijwen ain hülp taum dai språk forwärts drijwen is. Un wij wile hijrmit dat srijwen un leesen fone pomersch språk bekaanter måke for alem une dem aigne pomersche folk.