O pensamento social e democrático de Anísio Teixeira para a sociedade industrial brasileira (1930-1961): uma abordagem educacional, histórica e filosófica

Abstract

The objective of this research is to analyze the way Anísio Teixeira conceptualizes the democratic foundations of education for an industrial society. The work addresses socioeconomic issues in Brazil from the colonial period until the beginning of the Republic, before adopting industrialization as a new form of production in contemporary society. Anísio Teixeira promoted an educational philosophy extremely linked to the philosophy of life. And this means thinking about school for everyone, as a fundamental principle of a democratic State. The Bahian educator took countless actions around education, to provide each individual with conditions to participate and cooperate in political, social, economic and educational decisions, around their society. Everyone should have the right to education, without being excluded because of social, economic and psychological stratification. For Anísio Teixeira, before reorganizing the entire educational system, from childhood to university, it was necessary to expand quality, dynamic primary education to all citizens. Because in its time there were a small number of schools that served few people, as the governments had no intention, even though educational expansion was one of the factors with the entry of the Republic. Anísio Teixeira had in mind that all structures in society had an educational function. Education was not of school origin, but of a social nature. Which operates constantly, in total, in the most different societies. The school is the place where all planning is structured organically with the aim of educating. And the other structures do not have a defined, intentional plan. The traditional school was not recommended by the educator because of its sectarian bias, which did not take into account the individualities of the different subjects. The necessary school should be one that promotes integration, socialization, that is, the unity of the different subjects that make up society. Anísio Teixeira also made severe remarks about the futility of maintaining religious education in school establishments. The Church's function was not to promote individuals to a free social life and equal opportunities. This dissertation is a bibliographical research, a prosopography around Anísio Teixeira, a Brazilian educator who promoted reforms around education and various debates around social, economic and political issues.