Experiências vivenciais: ser sobrevivente enlutado por suicídio sendo profissional da saúde

Abstract

Suicide is a public health issue, with a considerable increase in the last 10 years (2010 – 2019) around the world and in Brazil it was no different. This phenomenon is considered complex and multifactorial, covering different aspects and areas of knowledge that are involved throughout the process. Grief is a strong reaction to the breaking of an emotional bond and the well-being that existed until then, generating specific suffering. Due to the sudden and violent nature of suicide, mourning in these cases can generate guilt and self-accusation, demanding a lot of psychic energy for its elaboration, which led to calling this mourner a survivor. This research aimed to understand the experiences of health professionals who became survivors bereaved by suicide after the loss of a family member, friend or significant other, also considering losses in the exercise of their profession. The conceptual framework was based on the precepts of Carl Rogers' Person-Centered Approach (PCA), which brings fundamental concepts, such as the actualizing tendency and facilitating attitudes (empathy, congruence and unconditional acceptance) that are relevant to address the topic. proposed, that even though it is a universal phenomenon, it causes individual and different effects on each person. It also subsidizes the non-directive interview that was used as a data collection instrument, with the guiding question “Talk about your relationship and the entire experience in relation to the suicide that occurred”. Data collection took place in the months of August, September and October 2023. 10 interviews were carried out with health professionals from two hospital institutions in the city of Pelotas/RS, nine women and one man, one of whom is a psychologist, one an art therapist, four nurses and four nursing technicians. Data analysis was based on Amedeo Giorgi's Empirical Phenomenological Model (MFE), which satisfies the need to understand the purpose of this study. After analyzing the data, four categories were formulated: “History and perception of death by suicide”; “Perception of the influence of death and mourning on health and life course”; “Perception of work activities after death and mourning” and “Updating tendency and facilitating attitudes present in the speeches”. The results and discussion show that everyone interviewed has difficulty understanding the phenomenon of suicide and its occurrence, even so, everyone suffered some impact resulting from death and mourning due to suicide. The urgent need for institutional interventions with all employees was highlighted, both for mourning and for possible psychological illnesses, thus creating a favorable climate and facilitating attitudes that contribute to coping with death and grief and also as a way of preventing illnesses. and future fatalities.