Uma tipologia das letras usadas na fase inicial da escolarização no Rio Grande do Sul: a cultura gráfica escolar a partir de cadernos de alunos (1937-2015)

Abstract

The main purpose of the research of this doctorate thesis is doing a typology of the letters used in the literacy classes of schools in Rio Grande do Sul along 78 years, from 1937 to 2015. For this, a total of 489 student notebooks have been consulted and analyzed, of which 379 notebooks of the firts school year and 110 of the second and third year with the implementation of the literacy cycle referring to the years of 2018 through 2015. These documents are preserved in the collection of the research group History of literacy, reading, writing of the school books – Hisales (education college – FaE-Ufpel). Starting from the concept of graphic culture, based on authors such as Petrucci (1986), Hébrard (2000)and Chartier, R.(2002). We sought to analyze the student notebooks in order to map and discuss the letter types shown on the notebooks, by identifying moments of exclusivity and the concomitances of the use of letter types in each epoch. With this, it was possible to understand the presence, the permanence, the weakening and/or disappearance of a certain letter type, by identifying the pedagogic and social discussions in effect and subjects and institutions that influenced the defense and/or contributed to the disuse and disappearance of certain type letters at school. Being so, the research data are based on the discussions of handwriting models , on the guidelines of the Research Center, Educational guidelines/CPOE and on the Teaching Magazine /RS and on the ideas of the so-called “concept revolution of literacy “and on the guidelines of public policies for iliteracy in the last decade in Brasil. The results of the investigation show that during the researched period, three letter types have significant presence on the student notebooks. First, the cursive was present in the whole research period, from 1937 to 2015, in many of those years on a exclusive basis; however, as from a given moment, started sharing spaces with other letters and, at last , decreasing significantly on the student notebooks of the first schooling year. Second, the print small letter was identified which, for a certain period, was called script letter. This type of letter reached its height in use in the set of notebooks, betweeen the 60’s and 70’s. After that, it disappears from the records and returns and it keeps its presence in the period, 1990, 2015.However, when it reappears on the notebooks, it is used concomitantly with other types of letters. Finally, the third type of letter identified was the print capital letter that starts to appear on the student notebooks in 1990, but gains force effectivelly after 2015.After that, a typology of letters used at the initial phase of schooling was stabilished in the period of the research scope, that is: 1st typology: cursive letter; 2nd typology: small print letter or script; 3rd typology: capital print letter.