Efeitos da dinâmica não-linear das interações fortes em interações neutrino-hádron à altas energias

Abstract

The description of the neutrino-hadron interaction in the high energy regime is still an open question due to the possibility that non-linear e↵ects change the dynamics of the strong interactions - the Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) - and, consequently, modify the behavior of the observables analyzed in neutrino observatories in operation and planned for the next decades. In this work we investigate the e↵ect of di↵erent models for the QCD dynamics in the determination of the astrophysical neutrino flux, energy dependence of the average inelasticity, energetic and angular dependencies of the probability of absorption during the propagation of neutrinos through the Earth and in the determination of the properties of the incident astrophysical neutrino flux. In order to provide theoretical predictions that allow us to fully discriminate between linear and non-linear QCD approaches, we compare our predictions with recent data from the IceCube neutrino observatory - the remarkable experiment in neutrino and multimessenger astronomy - and present predictions for the next generation of neutrino observatories. Additionally, we present, for the first time, the calculation of the exclusive production of single photon in the interaction of the boson Z 0 with the proton at high energies associated with the Pomeron exchange considering di↵erent models for the QCD dynamics. The results presented in this thesis indicate that the study of neutrino-hadron interactions at high energies in the IceCube and IceCube - Gen2 detectors, as well as future neutrino colliders, will allow us to expand our understanding of the dynamics of strong interactions in the high energy regime.