Produção exclusiva de díons em colisões de altas energias

Abstract

After decades of scientific advancements, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has revealed numerous particles, intensifying the search for exotic particles, such as dyons – hypothetical particles with both electric and magnetic charge. This study investigates the production of dyons, which are predicted by theories beyond the Standard Model, including Julian Schwinger’s 1969 proposal and Grand Unified Theories (GUT). The MoEDAL experiment at the LHC was designed to detect exotic particles, including dyons, and has conducted searches during Run-2, using the Drell-Yan production mechanism in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV. Although no dyons were observed, these results set limits on their properties, such as charge and mass. In this work, we investigate the production of dyons in ultra-peripheral collisions at the LHC, adopting the photon fusion mechanism within a U(1) gauge field theory. We consider different spins (0, 1/2, and 1) for the dyon and use the Equivalent Photon Approximation formalism to estimate its production in proton collisions.