“Forma es conplida de onbre quando ha todos sus mienbros conplidos: & sanos”: por uma história das desabilidades no reinado afonsino (1252- 1284)

Abstract

This research aims to understand disabilities and people with disabilities in the context of the government of Alfonso X, the Wise (1252-1284) in Castile and León. Based mainly on the analysis and comparison of the Cantigas de Santa Maria (CSM) and the Siete Partidas (SP), we highlight some fundamental ideas and attitudes to understand the social places of inclusion and exclusion, as well as the stigmatizing discourses that made possible the creation of a new type of marginalized person, the disabled. Social asymmetries appear as a construction, both legal and discursive, about the spaces available to PWDs based on an otherness produced by the temporarily able-bodied (TABs). The person with disabilities therefore emerges socially due to the unequal valorization of certain abilities, such as vision, hearing, and locomotion, to the detriment of the abilities possessed by such individuals. Furthermore, this research also presents a quantitative aspect, since it organizes in tables the occurrences recorded in both cases, as well as the percentages covered by each disability in its occurrence in the narratives of Marian miracles. This thesis proposes to analyze five minority groups that became people disabled from full social participation based on discourses about their corporality: contreytos or contrechos; deaf; mute; blind and gafos. Furthermore, this research addresses and understands disability as a fundamental concept for historical processes in clear relation with the most recent studies developed in the field of Disability Studies.