Qualidade de grãos de feijão carioca produzidos nos municípios de Ji-Paraná e Vilhena

Abstract

The carioca beans have national preference, being present on the menu of Brazilians from all regions and consumed by people from all social classes. Consumers today are looking for products with quality attributes. However, the choice of cultivar and the cultivation environment can provide the optimization of yields and the technological quality of the grains. Therefore, the objectives of this work were: (1) to compare the yield and disease susceptibility of 6 common bean cultivars produced in Ji-Paraná and Vilhena; (2) to evaluate the cooking time and color parameters of the 6 common bean cultivars produced in Ji-Paraná and Vilhena; and (3) to define the genotypes to be produced and/or industrialized by the Rical Industry. The design used was completely randomized, with three replications. The following characters were evaluated: yield, proteins and ash, luminosity (L) and a* value from the colorimetric analysis of beans, cooking time, free and complexed phenolic compounds. Data were analyzed for normality, subjected to analysis of variance and, later, the effects of cultivars were compared by Tukey test at 5% significance, while the comparison of means of production sites was performed by Student's t test, too. at 5% significance. The carioca bean genotypes evaluated show different behavior among municipalities. Cultivar BRS FC104 had the highest productivity with 44.05 bags per hectare in Vilhena-RO. For the crude protein character, in Ji-Paraná ANfc 9 had the highest value; in Vilhena, most cultivars showed statistically similar protein levels. Cultivar BRS Pérola was the only one among those studied that showed higher ash content in grains produced in Ji-Paraná, compared to grains produced in Vilhena. For the colorimetric profile, the cultivar ANfc 9 showed lighter integument color for the two municipalities with values of L* ≥ 57.00 and a* of 3.56. For cooking the cultivar BRS FC402 had the shortest time in Vilhena-RO (17.88 min). The content of free phenolic compounds was higher (between 5 and 15 times) than the content of bound phenolic compounds. Cultivar BRS FC104 showed the highest content of phenolic compounds bound in Ji-Paraná; for the municipality of Vilhena, the cultivar BRS Pérola presented the highest value.