Arte/educação no terreiro: a possibilidade de práticas pedagógicas antirracistas do(a) professor(a) de arte através do ritual de Baião de Princesas da Casa Fanti Ashanti, em São Luís/MA

Abstract

This thesis explores the potential for anti-racist pedagogical practices in art education, drawing on African-derived religions, specifically the Baião de Princesas ritual at Casa Fanti Ashanti in São Luís, MA, Brazil. The research problem posed was: how can the Baião de Princesas ritual, as an Afro-Maranhão religious manifestation, facilitate an antiracist pedagogical practice for art teachers? The general objective was to identify the ways in which the Afro-Maranhão ritual of Baião de Princesas can serve as a tool for art teachers to promote anti-racist education. The research focused on the following specific points: identifying the knowledge art teachers had about Afro-Brazilian and AfroMaranhão religious culture during their initial and continuing education; understanding how art teacher training addressed African and Afro-Brazilian cultural plurality to support the implementation of Law No. 10.639/2003; examining how the Afro-Maranhão religious ritual Baião de Princesas can be utilized in art education from an anti-racist perspective; understanding the potential aesthetic-political impacts of the ritual on art teachers; and evaluating the positive aspects and challenges of teaching art from the perspective of Afro-Maranhão religious cultures. This qualitative research employed methodological tools such as semi-structured interviews with participating teachers. A literature review was also conducted, engaging with relevant theoretical frameworks. Additionally, on-site observations of the Baião de Princesas ritual at Casa Fanti Ashanti were carried out, followed by meetings with the teachers to gather their impressions, which informed the study's findings. The analysis of the research data, informed by the contributions of the participating teachers, concluded that the Baião de Princesas ritual is a powerful tool for advancing anti-racist education in art teaching. It allows for the exploration and appreciation of Afro-Maranhão religions, challenges stereotypes and racism, and broadens the aesthetic and political understanding of both students and teachers.