Impacto de diferentes modelos de treinamento e subsequente destreino no tecido adiposo e variáveis associadas em ratos

Abstract

The General Adaptation Syndrome and the supercompensation model are assumptions often applied in exercise science. Considering that fat is essential to tissue, and a primary energy source for continuous moderate-intensity exercise (MICE), this type of effort could promote compensation after a period of detraining. The study aimed to investigate the effects of different exercise models with subsequent detraining on adipose tissue cellularity in adult rats. This is an experimental study in which rats were allocated into three groups: i) Moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE); ii) High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise (HIIT); iii) Control group (CG). Data were collected at three moments, namely: baseline values (T1), after which the animals exercised on a treadmill for eight weeks (T2) and then were followed up for four weeks after the interruption of physical exercise (T3). For statistical analysis, two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed, with Tukey post-hoc for group (GC, MICE, or HIIT) and Bonferroni for moment (T1, T2, and T3). For periepididymal mass, GC showed an increase of 45% post-detraining compared to post-training. The HIIT and MICE groups showed lower values after detraining when compared to the GC. In the comparison between groups regarding the delta of variation between post-training and post-detraining, there was a difference in the periepididymal mass (p=0.012), with HIIT showing lower values than the GC (p=0.009). Group-by-group analysis of the periepididymal adipocyte area revealed differences between moments (p=0.001), with post-training being lower than post-detraining in HIIT (p=0.014) and GC (p=0.012). In conclusion, our findings demonstrated positive effects of both interventions (HIIT and MICE) on the control of periepididymal adipose tissue mass in adult rats after 4 weeks of exercise interruption, with less mass gain in the HIIT group. The determination of the adipocyte area showed higher values in the post-detraining compared to the post training in the HIIT and GC groups, which could be considered hypertrophy of the periepididymal adipose tissue cells.