Electroweak gauge boson production in hadronic collisions at forward rapidities in the color - dipole S - matrix framework
Resumo
Understanding the internal structure of the proton in the high-energy regime remains
a key challenge in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). At small values of
Bjorken-x, the proton dynamics becomes saturated with gluons, leading to a nonlinear
regime characterized by a high-density QCD dynamics and saturation effects. Forward
rapidity processes in hadronic collisions offer a unique opportunity to probe this regime,
complementing information obtained from deep inelastic scattering experiments. In
this thesis, we study the production of electroweak gauge bosons (G = W±,Z0, γ)
at forward rapidities within the hybrid factorization framework, using the color dipole
S-matrix (CDSM) formalism. We derive the differential cross-sections of the processes
qp → GX and qp → GJX, both in impact parameter and transverse momentum
spaces, taking into account the longitudinal and transverse polarizations of the gauge
bosons. We show that the final results can be expressed in terms of the dipole–proton
cross–section or the target unintegrated gluon distribution, enabling a quantitative
analysis of saturation effects in the LHC kinematics and beyond. Furthermore, we
present, for the first time, the general expressions for electroweak gauge boson +
jet at forward rapidities. Our results generalize and reproduce previous findings in
the literature for real photon and Z0 production and we present for the first time the
description to W± boson production. In addition, we analyze dilepton production at
forward rapidities, deriving the angular coefficients associated with the decay of virtual
photons, Z0, and W± bosons. Numerical results are presented for √s = 14 TeV in
the rapidity range 2.0 ≤ y ≤ 4.5, including comparisons between different models for
the unintegrated gluon distribution and tests of the Lam–Tung relation. The results
presented in this thesis provide novel insight into the dynamics of QCD in the small-x
regime and offer new tools for phenomenological studies of forward electroweak
processes at current and future high-energy colliders.