Germinação pré-colheita na espiga de trigo (Triticum aestivum L.): status atual e análise de uma população endogâmica recombinante

Abstract

Wheat is one of the three major cereals worldwide. Despite its cultivation in many different climates, abiotic stresses such as pre-harvesting sprouting affect grain yield and quality in many Countries. The present work aimed at identifying the heritability of pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) tolerance in a RIL population obtained from the cross ORS Quartzo x ORS Marfim. A total of 150 lines were cultivated in the years of 2017 and 2018, being phenotyped for field and laboratory traits. The distribution of traits days to heading (DTH), days to maturation (DTM), plant height (PTH), yield (YLD), thousand kernel weight (TKW), germination visula score (GVS), spike length (SL), spike weight (SW), number of spikelets per spike (NSS), grain weight per spike (GWS) and number of grains per spike (NGS), germination percentage (GP), falling Number (FN) was analysed. The BLUP analyses showed a heritability value of 0.55 for GP, one of the two characters indicating PHS resistance. For FN, a heritability of 0.64 was obtained with the repeatability coefficient. The analysis of a RIL population from the cross ORS Quartzo x ORS Marfim revealed differences in the progeny that suggest transgressive segregants for many traits, forming 5 major groups. The higher significant correlations were detected between DTH and DTM (0.84), GSW and SW (0.98), NGS and SW (0.87), NGS and GSW (0.88). The highest negative significant correlation was obtained between DTH and FN (-0.61).