Caracterização de Cultivares de trigo, triticale e centeio pelo teste de fenol

Abstract

The biochemical test of seeds by phenol staining is one of the techniques for differentiation, and identification of wheat, triticale and rye cultivars, that can be included as one of its respective descriptors. This work aimed at characterizing 80 cultivars of wheat, 23 cultivars of triticale and 11 cultivars of rye by means of the color reaction on phenol tests. The methodology was based on the “Instructions for conducting the tests of distinctness, uniformity and stability” for triticale and for rye of the Serviço Nacional de Proteção de Cultivares (SNPC), of the Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA). However, for the wheat cultivars the guideline TG / 3/12 of the International Union for the Protection of Natural Varieties (UPOV) was deploied. The results of the phenol tests for wheat and triticale cultivars detected a higher frequency of medium colors (code 5), followed by dark colors (code 7) and, than by light colors (code 3). For the rye cultivars only medium or light colorations of the seeds were observed. More pronounced staining response, such as very dark colors (code 9) and absent coloration, or very light colors (code 1), were observed only in seeds of wheat cultivars, at low frequency. These later staining responses were not observed on seeds of triticale and rye cultivars. It was concluded that the phenol test is a low cost method, easy to perform in laboratory, and an adequate tool for rapid characterization of wheat, triticale and rye cultivars.