Qualidade fisiológica de sementes de soja oriundas da região norte de Roraima

Abstract

The seed forms the basis of cultivation. Its intrinsic qualities will determine the establishment of the crop in vigorous conditions with adequate responses to adverse climate and soil conditions. Therefore, the objective of this work was to analyze the physiological performance data of soybean seeds after processing in two agricultural years. The present work, developed in the form of a case study, was carried out at the seed processing unit (UBS) of the company Sementes Cajueiro, a branch located in Roraima, in the municipality of Alto Alegre. The use of seeds from the 2020, 2021 and 2022 harvests (irrigated and rainfed) was evaluated. The seeds were stored in a cold and dry chamber before being used to carry out the tests, in this way, their moisture level tends to balance with the environment, which has low relative humidity. Six cultivars of soybean seeds were used, with the germination test in trays and the tetrazolium test being performed. The results for germination and tetrazolium of the six soybean cultivars from the 2020 harvest indicated that the cultivar TMG 1180 RR was superior in relation to the other evaluated cultivars, followed by TMG 2383 IPRO. As for the 2021 harvest, irrigated cultivation, there was a small dispersion of data in relation to the germination of lots of different cultivars, ranging from 84 to 97%, maintaining germination above 80%. The cultivars that showed the highest germination percentages with values above 90% were TMG 2383 IPRO, FT 4280 IPRO, FT 3191 IPRO, FT 3179 IPRO and FT 4181 IPRO. For the 2021 harvest under rainfed cultivation, the three cultivars produced seeds with a percentage above 80%, as required by legislation for seed marketing. Already the vigor of the seeds, analyzed by the tetrazolium test, obtained results above 80%. For the 2022 season in the irrigated system, it was verified that the cultivars TMG 2383 IPRO, FTR 3191 IPRO and FTR 3190 IPRO presented the highest germination percentages, with values above 90%, only the cultivars FTR 4280 IPRO and TMG 2383 IPRO presented vigor less than 80% by the tetrazolium test.