Efeitos da atividade física estruturada sobre o autoconceito de adolescentes com sobrepeso e obesidade: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract

Overweight and obesity among adolescents are emerging public health issues due to the negative impacts on the physical, psychological, and social aspects of this population. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effects of structured physical activity on the self-concept of overweight and obese adolescents, highlighting interventions that combine physical activity with nutritional support and other multidimensional strategies. Three experimental and quasi experimental studies were included, totaling 142 adolescents, with an average age of 14 years, assessed with instruments such as the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire and the Shape Self-Concept Inventory (AF-5). Interventions ranged from five to 16 weeks, with a frequency of three to four weekly sessions, including approaches such as high-intensity interval training (HIIT), strength exercises, and multidisciplinary activities. The results indicated significant improvements in body mass index (BMI), with average reductions of up to 3,6% in some studies, in addition to advances in global, social, and family physical self concept. The methodological heterogeneity of the studies revealed the importance of well-structured protocols, with control of intensity and duration of interventions, to maximize physical and psychological benefits. It is concluded that structured physical activity, associated with nutritional support and interdisciplinary approaches, proved to be an effective strategy to improve the self-concept and health of overweight and obese adolescents. Future studies should explore long-term interventions with greater methodological standardization to consolidate these findings and broaden the understanding of the impact of different psychosocial dimensions of self-concept.