Programa de estimulação da consciência fonológica no primeiro ano do ensino fundamental : efeitos sobre a escrita inicial e os erros motivados pela fonologia

Abstract

This thesis is in the field of Writing Acquisition Studies and was developed starting from the implementation of the Phonological Awareness Stimulation Program (PASP), according to what was proposed by Adam, Foorman et al (2006). The main goal of this research was to implement and evaluate the effects of the stimulation program over the evolution of writing levels, the performance in phonological awareness (PA) and the texts produced by the children one year after the implementation of the program, particularly regarding the production of errors considered originated from the phonological complexities concerning the syllable and the segment. The studied sample is composed of 18 children, all of them in the first scholar year in two public schools in the city of Pelotas – RS. The children were divided into two groups, experimental and control, both composed of nine children each. The experimental group received, throughout nine months, the stimulation performed by the class teacher. We evaluated both groups in the beginning of 2013, in order to make it possible to evaluate their performance in PA (evaluation made with the test CONFIAS, by Moojen et al, 2003) and their level of writing concept (evaluation made from a word and sentence spelling from Ferreiro and Teberosky, 1999). By the end of the year, we had new evaluations made to verify the performance in PA and the writing level the children were in. One year after implementing the program, by the end of 2014, the students were once again evaluated, this time only regarding writing, so we could analyze the presence of errors motivated by phonology, category employed in the studies developed by GEALE (Group of Studies on Written Language Acquisition). The results obtained, although with a reduced base sample, show relevant differences between groups and point towards positive effects of stimulation by PASP, since 66.67% of students from the experimental group have evolved in their levels of writing concept, reaching the alphabetical basis by the end of the year, while in the control group this percentage drops to 11.12%. In CONFIAS, the students from the experimental group showed scores statistically significant in their ability with syllables and phonemes, and a positive tendency for both genders in all PA tasks. The evaluation of errors motivated by phonology showed that students from the experimental group were protected by the stimulation they suffered from PASP, when compared to the students from control group, which wrote less and produced more errors related to spelling of syllables and complex segments. We conclude, by the end of this work, that the program contributes to the development of writing skills and can reduce the incidence of phonological motivated errors.