Variabilidade de portaenxertos de pessegueiro: efeitos sobre o crescimento inicial dos seedlings e nos caracteres bioagronômicos das cultivares Chimarrita e Maciel.

Abstract

The reasons that justify the use of rootstocks on fruit are the possibility to use to use resistant cultivars of to pests and soil diseases, which induce higher production and adaptation of cultivars Cup. Therefore, it is essential to know the characteristics of different combinations bioorganic scion / rootstock in order to provide improved production and fruit quality and greater production efficiency. This study aimed to evaluate through bioagronômicos characters, vigor, yield and fruit quality of two peach cultivars grafted on rootstocks distinct growing conditions in the region of Pelotas / RS. Furthermore to identify the variability of seedlings of peach rootstocks through the influence of stratification on germination, emergence and early seedling growth in greenhouse and field. Two experiments were conducted, both divided into two trials. Experiment 1 – test 1 was conducted in the field with scion Chimarrita (planted in 2003) grafted on 'Okinawa clone 1', 'Tsukuba 1', 'Capdeboscq', 'GF 305' and 'Aldrighi'. Were evaluated trunk diameter and plant height, number of fruits per plant, yield per plant, average fruit weight, estimated productivity, production efficiency, fruit classification by category (I, II and III) and soluble solids content. No significant differences were recorded for the effect of rootstocks on the vegetative growth, but the rootstock 'Okinawa clone 1' provided the highest yield per hectare in the cv. 'Chimarrita', in Pelotas / RS. The second test was also conducted on the field with the scion Maciel (planted in 2005) grafted on 'Aldrighi', 'Industry', 'Okinawa clone 12', 'Capdeboscq', 'Nemaguard', 'Tsukuba 1', 'Okinawa clone 1 ', and' Rubira '. The work was performed under the same test conditions 1, with the same response variables. The plants when the rootstock grafted with 'Aldrighi', were more productive. With the combination 'Maciel' / 'Okinawa clone 1' yielded fruit with higher soluble solids content. Experiment 2 - the first test consisted of stratification at 4 º C for 60 days, the seeds of 10 peach rootstocks to evaluate the germination percentage. The following took place seeding in the greenhouse, and after 30 days, the percentage of emergence and development of seedlings of 10 genotypes ['Umecha', 'Tsukuba' (clones 1, 2 and 3), 'Okinawa purple ',' Selection NR-0170302 ', Okinawa F3', 'Flordaguard', 'Okinawa clone11' and 'Tsukuba F3']. No differences were found in the percentage of germination and emergence of the 10 rootstocks and seedlings of 'Okinawa clone 11' and 'Tsukuba F3' were those who had the lowest initial force in the first 30 days after emergence in the greenhouse. Test 2 was conducted from 7 of the 10 rootstocks test 1 [Tsukuba (clones 1, 2 and 3), Selection NR-0170302 ', F3 Okinawa, Okinawa and clone11 Tsukuba F3], held the field at the Agricultural Center 8 Palma June to January 2013. We evaluated the trunk diameter and height of seedlings. It can be concluded that the seedlings of rootstocks 'Tsukuba 1' and 'Selection NR-0170302' are those with the highest initial force field, compared to the other rootstocks evaluated.