Estabelecimento in vitro de cultivares de oliveira

Abstract

The olive tree (Olea europaea L.) belongs to Oleaceae family, which has its species distributed in tropical and temperate regions of the world. The cultivation is increasing and demand technologies for facilities orchards. Among the techniques used for olive propagation, micropropagation stands out, because it preserves germplasm and produce high qualitu seedling and sanity. However there is a lack of efficient protocols for in vitro in several varieties of olive property.This study aimed to develop efficient protocols to reduce oxidation and in vitro establishment of olive. The experiment was conducted in the Fruit Tree Propagation Laboratory, Crop Science Department, Faculty of Agronomy Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel/RS) from March 2012 to October 2013. The Article 1 consisted of establishing in vitro six olive cultivars (Ascolano, Leccino, Maria da Fé, Coratina, Arbequina e Frantoio) in different culture media (MO e WPM) and explants sampling times (fall, winter, spring and summer). In Article 2, the objective was to evaluate the presence and absence of light provided to the mother plant and Zeatin concentrations (0, 2, 4 and 8 mg.L-1) in vitro establishment. In both articles the variables were evaluated variables concerning the percentage of rust, fungal and bacterial contamination, survival and establishment of explants in vitro were evaluated. The results showed that in the Article 1 there was a higher phenolic oxidation in olive explants collected in winter, spring is indicated for collecting explants of cultivar Maria da Fé, while Ascolano and Arbequina cultivars have a higher rate of in vitro establishment in autumn. The WPM promoted a higher rate of establishment of olive explants. In Article (2), mother plants in conditions of absence of light are the most suitable in vitro establishment of olive cultivars studied. The concentration of 2 mg.L-1 Zeatin promotes survival explants of olive 'Arbequina'. Concentrations (0, 4 and 8 mg.L-1) showed no Zeatin difference between Leccino and Arbequina cultivars for variable fungal contamination.