Modificações fisiológicas, rendimento e expressão do vigor de sementes de centeio, trigo e feijão sob alagamento do solo

Abstract

This work comprises four experiments performed between May 2012 and March 2014, to evaluate physiological traits, yield and seeds quality of rye, wheat and beans under the effect of soil waterlogging. Flooding was established at different stages of development and for different periods for each species. Growth chamber were evaluated, the protein content, activity of the enzyme superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and early growth of plants. In greenhouse, was applied the growth analysis, evaluated the performance and the seed vigor was applied. From the data of early growth, plants of rye, wheat and beans showed a reduction in dry matter accumulation by increasing the period of soil waterlogging. The activity of the enzyme superoxide dismutase in roots was enhanced by increasing the period of soil waterlogging, while the activity in shoots was reduced. In the greenhouse, rye plants under the effect of a period soil waterlogging and those not subject to flooding present similar accumulation of the total dry matter, the harvest index and seed vigor. Wheat plants under two flooding and those not exposed to stress, reached higher values of total dry matter and seed vigor. Bean plants grown in the absence of flooding or under flooding for eight hours, had presented better performance compared to those subjected to 16 and 24 hours of soil waterlogging. The soil waterlogging affects growth, enzyme activity, yield and seed vigor of wheat, rye and beans, being dependent on the magnitude of the stadium and the time of occurrence.