Campylobacter termofílicos em frangos de corte e em aviários na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul: ocorrência, diversidade genética, perfil de resistência a antimicrobianos e detecção de genes de virulência

Abstract

Thermophilic Campylobacter are currently the leading bacteria causing of gastrointestinal diseases worldwide. This group is so named because its optimal multiplication temperature oscillates between 42 °C and 43 °C, being Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, C. lari and C. upsaliensis, the main species involved in cases of human campylobacteriosis. Among these species, the most related to this disease is C. jejuni, followed by C. coli. The main reservoir of these microorganisms are birds, especially chickens, possibly because the body temperature of these animals coincides with the optimal temperature for thermophilic Campylobacter. Therefore, the aim of this study was to verify the occurrence, genetic relationship, antimicrobial susceptibility, and the presence of virulence genes in thermophilic Campylobacter from broilers and broiler bedding from the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A total of 48 samples were collected in three different farms (A, B and C), which comprising one sample of drag swab and 15 pools of cloacal swabs in each farm. From the three farms sampled, only the farm C showed thermophilic Campylobacter contamination. All isolates were identified by phenotypic and molecular techniques such as C. jejuni. Of these 16 positive samples, 28 isolates were obtained, 16 being isolated by Preston agar and 12 by mCCD agar. The genetic diversity among the isolates was evaluated by PFGE, and it was observed that all the isolates belonged to the same macrorestriction pattern, suggesting clonality among the isolates and the presence of only one source of Campylobacter infection in this farm. The antimicrobial resistance profile was evaluated by the agar disc diffusion test using eight distinct antimicrobial agents from three different classes: tetracyclines, quinolones and macrolides. The isolates presented a similar antimicrobial resistance profile, being resistant to quinolones and tetracyclines and susceptible to macrolides. As the isolates shared the same PFGE pattern and similar resistance profile, a representative isolate was chosed for investigation of virulence genes. A PCR assay was carried out aiming to identify the presence of ciaB, cadF, cdtA, cdtB and cdtC virulence genes and all the genes evaluated were found. Thus, the presence of C. jejuni resistant to antimicrobial agents and harboring virulence genes in broilers and broiler farm during the broiler production period may represents a potential risk to public health, because these microorganisms can be introduced into the abattoir environment and may contaminate the carcasses during slaughter.