Parâmetros genéticos e correlações para caracteres de qualidade de grãos em arroz irrigado

Abstract

Nowadays, the incessant quest for greater productivity and food quality is one of the world's biggest concerns. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the bases in human nutrition, being the second most produced cereal in the world, considered one of the main crops with potential to fight hunger. In this way, they are highly important among breeding programs. These factors that intensify the search for superior genotypes, mainly for productivity, however, the attributes of grain quality are also classified at this same level of priority. These attributes are decisive in the adoption of an improved lineage as a commercial cultivar, as it directly reflects its market value and consumer acceptance. In this sense, the objective of the present work was to determine the adaptability and stability, as well as to study the genetic correlations of grain quality traits of cultivars and elite breeding lines of irrigated rice to facilitate the inferences requested by breeders. Two experimental trials were conducted in different environments, in the agricultural crops of 2014/15 and 2015/16. The first experiment had as objectives to evaluate the adaptability and stability for elite breeding lines of irrigated rice in eight different environments, by the methods of MHVG, PRVG and MHPRVG. The lines AB11502, AB10501, AB13008, AB13002 and AB13003 showed good agronomic performance, besides adaptability and stability for grain quality characters, in relation to the proposed methods. The second experiment had the objective of evidencing the genetic correlations and the direct and indirect associations of agronomic traits and grain quality attributes, related to the yield of whole grains in rice irrigated by path analysis. The total chalky area together with the total whiteness were the factors that influenced the percentage of whole grains, both via genotypic correlations and via direct effects through path analysis, thus showing potential for use as indirect selection criteria for yield whole grain. It should be emphasized that there are still few studies in quantitative genetics for the grain quality traits, so that the genetic progress is only at the beginning. In this sense, new research must be carried out, aiming to use these tools more and more in the selection process.