Síntese e caracterização de tensoativos para uso odontológico

Abstract

The aim of this study was to synthesize and characterize different classes of non-ionic surfactants and evaluate their influence on properties and characteristics of experimental impression materials based on vinylpolysiloxanes (VPS). This thesis was divided in two studies, presented as two original articles. In the first study, we synthesized fluorosurfactants with different hydrophilic-lipophilic balances (HLB) and evaluated the effect on the VPS, whereas in the second study we evaluated of the performance of different fluorocabon (F), siloxane (s), and hydrocarbon (H) commercial non-ionic surfactants used alone (one surfactant) or in combination (more than one surfactant) added to the VPS. In the first study, six fluorosurfactants were synthesized using polyethylene glycols of different molar mass (varying from 200 to 1,000,000 g/mol) in the polar portion. The surfactants were characterized and added at a 3 wt% concentration to the VPS. In the second study, eight groups of commercial surfactants were added alone or in combination to the VPS at different concentrations: 1 wt%, 3 wt%, or 5 wt%. Different methods were used to analyze the surfactants and impression materials, including infrared spectroscopy, 1H and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance, surface tension, contact angle, viscosity, detail reproduction tensile strength, and elastic strength. Quantitative data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance and Tukey’s post hoc test (P<0.05). In the first study, the synthesis was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. The fluorosurfactants, in general, showed low surface tension and reduced the VPS tensile strength when compared to the control group (without surfactant), but yielded excellent copy capacity to the VPS. Different wettability patterns were found and low contact angles were obtained for FS 200 and FS 400 groups (fluorosurfactants synthesized using polyethylene glycol with 200 and 400 molar masses, respectively). The viscosity also decreased with the addition of FS 400 and FS 500; however, an increase in the induction time of the material was observed. In the second study, lower surface tension was found in the group that combined the three surfactants (F+S+H). Overall, the groups that combined surfactants had lower contact angle and lower viscosity. The induction time increased with increased surfactant concentration and satisfactory results on the analysis of copy capacity were not observed for all groups. The VPS modified with surfactants alone, in general, had higher tensile strength. In conclusion, the addition of FS 200 and FS 400 significantly improved wettability of the VPS, reducing viscosity without changing the working time significantly; however, the surfactants reduced the tensile strength. In the second study, it was evident that the correct selection of the surfactant type and its concentration may significantly improve the VPS wettability without major interference on the mechanical properties.