Crescimento e partição de assimilados em batata, avaliação de clones-elite e correlação entre caracteres de aparência de tubérculo nas primeiras gerações de seleção

Abstract

Potatoes are the main vegetable crops in Brazil, and fresh commercialization is the main form, despite the large increase in processed potatoes consumption in last years. Cultivars intended for each purpose require specific characteristics. Therefore, the constant improvement of selection strategies in the breeding programs aiming at potatoes cultivars add characteristics. Knowing the growth pattern of cultivars is essential for achieve high productivity. Thereby, were developed three studies. The first had objective to evaluate productivity through physiological indexes. It were evaluated five potatoes cultivars through five collections throughout the vegetative cycle. Were determined the leaf area, total dry matter, and leaf, stem and tuber dry matter. The primary dates were evaluated by regression analysis. The estimated physiological indexes were analyzed by the tendency of the curves. It was verified that the cultivars BRS F63 (Camila) and BRSIPR Bel are more efficient in the partitioning of assimilates to tubers, and just like BRS Clara starting the growth of tubers early. The BRS Ana is vigorous and present greater vegetative development, and just like Macaca prioritizes the development of assimilatory system until 60 days after planting. The second study aimed evaluate correlation between tuber appearance and your component characters in function of size pot in the seedlings generation (SG) and plot size in the first clonal generation (FCG). It were evaluated 30 genotypes in 10 families in split-plot experimental design. In SG were cultivated in small, medium and large pot size. In FCG, according to the pot size in which they had been cultivated in SG, were conducted in plots of 1, 2 and 3 plants. The appearance components characters were evaluated, counted and weighty plot tubers. Correlation analysis were performed between and within generation. Strong and intermediate selection can only be performed for mass and number of tubers, respectively, if cultivated in large pot/plot. For tuber shape in medium or large pot/plot moderate selection can be made. The third study had objective to evaluate the performance of advanced clones in yield and industrial quality. Ten clones and two cultivars were evaluated in two experiments. The data were submitted to analysis of joint variance and clustering test. The clone F21-07-09 were more productive and had satisfactory processing characters. The clones F161-07-02, F110-07-01, F131- 08-26, F102-07-22 and F183-08-01 have also demonstrated high production potential and good processing characteristics. Therefore, cultivars had pattern of growth and partitioning of assimilates differentiated, and the constant improvement of selection strategies is essential for cultivars development adapted to the Brazilian conditions and that supply the need of productive chain.