Recipientes e substratos na produção de mudas, desenvolvimento e fenologia de pequenas frutas

Abstract

The objective of this work was to test new alternatives for the production of seedlings of small fruits, as well as to evaluate their development and phenology in different containers and substrates. The work was divided into three experiments. In the first experiment, the objective of the work was to evaluate the use of different substrates in the ex vitro rooting of 'Fall Gold' raspberry micro-cuttings. After 60 days, was evaluated: the percentage of surviving seedlings, shoot length, number of roots, length of the largest root, mass of fresh matter and dry matter mass of shoot and root. In the second experiment, the objective of this work was to evaluate the use of different substrates and container volumes in the development of 'Xavante' blackberry seedlings. The evaluations were performed monthly during twelve months of the installation of the experiment and were evaluated: percentage of survival, length of the largest stem, number of stems per plant, number of shoots, length of largest shoot (cm) and mass of root dry matter. In the third experiment, the objective of this work was to evaluate the duration, in days, of the phenological stages for 'Xavante' blackberry in different container volumes and different substrates. The duration (in days) of each phenological stage in each plant was verified as follows: beginning of flowering bud, beginning of flowering, beginning of fruit maturation and beginning of fruit harvest. A stem dormant per stem was also identified for evaluations of fruit phenology and the duration (in days) of the following stages of fruit development: dormant bud, bud sprouting, flower bud, partially open flower, open flower, green berry, partially pink berry, pink berry and ripe berry. In the first experiment, it was concluded that the use of the substrate S10-Beifort® or of the vermiculite+coconut fiber mixture were the favorable results for the rooting of 'Fall Gold' raspberry seedlings. In the second experiment, it was concluded that blackberry 'Xavante' presented adequate development in coconut fiber substrate, with 30-liter containers, at 360 days of cultivation. In the third experiment, the phenological stages showed, on average, the same number of days independent of the substrate and the container observed.