Influência do beneficiamento em mesa de gravidade na qualidade física, fisiológica e sanitária de sementes de cártamo (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

Abstract

To obtain high yields, farmers must use high quality seeds in all their attributes in the establishment of crops. In this context, the objective of the present work was to evaluate how the processing in gravity table can improve the physical quality of safflower seed lots, as well as to verify the effect of gravity table on the treatment fungal incidence in safflower seed lots. The experiments consisted of 40 treatments, involving two factors: factor A - eight safflower seed lots, factor B - five collection points on the gravity table. The plot design was subdivided into a factorial scheme (8X5), with four replications. Samples were collected and seeds were submitted to the following determinations: water content, purity, retention of sieves, hectoliter weight, mass of one thousand seeds, germination, first germination count, seedling length, total dry mass of the seedlings, sanity of seedlings and emergency. The gravity table provided the improvement of the physical quality of the safflower lots, regarding the hectoliter weight, weight of a thousand seeds and purity, as well as the physiological quality related to germination, first count test and dry mass. As for the sanitary quality, the gravity table did not eliminate the incidence of fungi. The fungus Fusarium spp. and Rhizopus sp. presented the highest incidence. On the other hand the gravity table is able to reduce the fungal incidence by more than 50% by comparing the top output with respect to the control and discarding output.