Estimativa da produção de sedimentos e perda de solo com uso de um MDE obtido por veículo aéreo não tripulado

Abstract

The study of the physiography of a river basin is important to determine and characterize the water and sedimentological behavior, which are influenced by the different types of land use and management. The physiographic characteristics of the terrain, observed in a hydrographic basin, such as form, altitude, slope, positioning of the slopes in the landscape, vegetation cover and also the type and use of the land serve as support in its hydrological modeling. The objective was to raise the physiographic characteristics of the terrain of a small rural basin. From an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) that captures high resolution images, and from the treatment of these, to monitor seasonally the changes brought about by the use and management of the soil and its relations with the erosive processes, besides the estimation of the production Of sediments. The study was carried out in the Arroio do Ouro basin, located between the municipalities of Pelotas and Morro Redondo / RS, with an area of 221 ha. The continuous hydrosedimentological monitoring was during the period of August to November of 2016, with rain gauges, pressure sensor (level) and turbidity sensor (turbidimeter). The aerial survey was carried out with 5 flights during the period from November 2015 to March 2016. The results demonstrated that the coefficients a and g calibrated in the Universal Equation of Modified Soil Loss (MUSLE) became able to adequately represent the contribution of sediments In the Arroio do Ouro basin. The use of VANT in obtaining geospatial data allowed the construction of a consistent digital surface model (MDS) and digital elevation model (MDE), as well as its relation with mathematical models with a model of soil loss or sediment production More consistent.