Formação de micro e minijardim clonal de videira

Abstract

Obtaining quality plantlets is the first step in ensure a lasting vineyard with good production potential. For this, it is necessary the application of techniques and the development of systems that optimize the process of plant production. In this sense, the objectives of this study were: to develop a micropropagation protocol for grapevine (including multiplication, rooting and acclimatization stages), the formation of a micro and minigarden clonal, and the evaluation of these in a conventional system of cultivation and cultivation soilless. The study was developed through five experiments conducted in the Botany Laboratory and in the nursery belonging to the Federal University of Pampa, Campus Dom Pedrito, RS. First, in vitro multiplication and rooting experiments were carried out in the laboratory. In these experiments we tested the MS culture media (Murashige & Skoog) with the full concentration of salts (MS), and with half the concentration of salts (MS/2), BAP concentrations (0, 5 and 10μM) to the multiplication and concentrations of IBA (0; 0.1; 0.2; 0.3mg L-1) for the in vitro rooting of Chardonnay grapevine explants. After, these plantlets produced by micropropagation were acclimatized in the nursery, testing the following compositions of substrates: HDecker®; HDecker® + vermiculite; HDecker® + coconut fiber; HDecker® + Humosol ES®; vermiculite + Humosol ES®; vermiculite + coconut fiber; Humosolo ES® + coconut fiber. All combinations of substrates were formulated in a 1:1 ratio. In parallel, plantlets were produced by minicutting technique, being evaluated the rooting of herbaceous minicuttings of Chardonnay and SO4 grapevine without the use of IBA and with concentrations of 500, 1000 and 1500mg L-1. After obtaining plantlets produced by micropropagation and minicutting, the Chardonnay plantlets were used for the formation of clonal gardens, where the growth of these plantlets was evaluated in the systems of conventional cultivation and soilless cultivation. In the in vitro multiplication and rooting stages, the concentrations of the MS culture media did not have a significant effect for most of the variables, being able to be used in whole or with half the concentration of salts. For multiplication, it is recommended to use 10μM of BAP and, for rooting, is indicated the use of 0.1 mg L-1 of IBA. Already in the acclimatization stage, the substrates that contained vermiculite in the composition, presented better results. In minicutting, the herbaceous minicuttings of Chardonnay and SO4 rooted even without the use of growth regulator. For the formation of clonal gardens, both micropropagated plantlets and minicutted plantlets can be used. The soilless cultivation system was efficient for the growth of Chardonnay plantlets, being superior to the conventional cultivation system.